What is the main function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The main function of a transformer in electrical systems revolves around its ability to efficiently change the voltage level of alternating current (AC). This is essential for the effective transmission and distribution of electricity. Transformers work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels depending on the needs of the electrical system.

When high voltage electricity is transmitted over long distances, it minimizes power losses due to resistance in the wires. However, this high voltage cannot be directly used in homes or businesses, which typically operate at much lower voltages. Therefore, a transformer is employed to convert the high voltage back down to a safer, usable level.

By doing this conversion from high voltage to low voltage or vice versa, transformers play a crucial role in the infrastructure of power distribution, ensuring that electricity can be delivered effectively to consumers while maintaining safety and efficiency in the electrical system.